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Material Testing

Material Science

Introduction

Materials testing is a respected and established technique that is used to ascertain both the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials and components.

Materials Testing provides a wealth of information about the tested materials, prototypes, or product samples. The data collected during testing and the final test results can be very useful to engineers, designers, production managers to ensure that infrastructure and equipment will provide continued production, undergo minimal degradation, and are designed with optimal performance in mind. 

Here are some of the reasons material testing is so crucial:

Critical applications require products to meet compliance standards set by governments and regulatory bodies. Manufacturers must adhere to these standards, which specify test procedures, for products used in aircraft, bridges, vehicles, nuclear reactors, military gear, medical implants, and other applications. Hazardous materials are restricted in many jurisdictions.

It’s typical for a business to purchase mechanical testing services when specifying materials for a new product design. Testing may be performed to evaluate mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and fracture toughness. Corrosion testing can determine if the material will hold up under given conditions such as humidity or a saltwater environment.

Testing materials is important to determine their suitability for a specific application. With a variety of materials available, testing helps to narrow down the best option. Industrial applications require testing to meet specific standards and criteria before using materials.

Testing is crucial for design and manufacturing processes, ensuring reliable products and reducing damage and costs. It's performed early on in product development to assess production processes and ongoing validation for final products. Materials testing helps to identify defects, inadequate materials, and the cause of failure in failure analysis investigations.

Types of Material Testing

Burst Testing

Need to understand how much pressure your materials and components will withstand before they burst? Our inspection machines can give you the results you need, under controlled conditions.

By increasing the pressure level on your products, our technology will find their maximum burst pressure and demonstrate where, why, and when they fail. Burst pressure tests help you to identify weak points in your materials that could compromise safety, quality, or performance.

 

Related Products:

Messmer Büchel - Burst Tester

Coefficient of Friction (CoF)

Coefficient of friction testing measures the ease with which two surfaces in contact are able to slide past one another where there are two different values associated with the coefficient of friction – static and kinetic. Static friction applies to the force necessary to initialize motion between the two surfaces and kinetic friction is the resistance to sliding once the surfaces are in relative motion.

Because substrate cleanliness is critically important to gathering reliable data, appropriate measures should be addressed prior to testing and taken to during testing ensure freedom from dirt, grease and other contaminants that could adversely affect test results.

 

Related Products:

TMI - Coefficient of Friction/Peel tester - Model 32-76e

Compression Testing

Compression testing is one of the most important types of mechanical testing, together with tensile and flexion tests. Compression tests are performed on a variety of products and materials including concrete, metal, cardboard and plastic packaging, ceramics, and composites. The most common measurement obtained from a compression test is the compressive strength which is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (as opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate). In other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), whereas tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart). In the study of strength of materials, tensile strength, compressive strength, and shear strength can be analyzed independently. 

It is also possible to measure modulus of elasticity, yield stress, and deformation when performing compression tests. Examples of common tests include measuring the point at which a concrete cylinder breaks under a compressive load, or determining the load at various displacements when compressing a block of polyurethane foam.

 

Related Products:

Messmer Büchel - Short Span Compression Tester (STFI) - Model 17-36

TMI - Compression Tester

Corrosion Testing

Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually a metal) by chemical and/or electrochemical reaction with their environment.

An accelerated corrosion test (ACT) consists of testing techniques performed through acceleration of corrosion and is a powerful tool when used in:

  • Material selection as a relative indicator of corrosion resistance
  • Examining potential environments for new materials
  • Determining corrosion control strategies of fielded items

An accelerated corrosion test is a cyclic climate test for determination of the corrosion resistance of various types of coatings. In an accelerated corrosion test, corrosion, degradation or failure of materials and products are induced without change in corrosion mechanism(s) in a shorter time period than under normal conditions.

The salt spray test is an accelerated corrosion test that produces a corrosive attack to the coated samples in order to predict its suitability in use as a protective finish. The appearance of corrosion products (oxides) is evaluated after a period of time. Test duration depends on the corrosion resistance of the coating - the more corrosion resistant the coating is, the longer the period in testing without showing signs of corrosion.

Standard corrosion testing can consume enormous blocks of time, whereas ACT needs significantly less time. Under the right conditions, accelerated testing may yield data beneficial in selecting the most corrosion-resistant materials for an application.

These tests are typically qualitative, and the information obtained from them is best used to select the most appropriate materials for use in specific applications. The results of accelerated testing should correlate to results from more reliable sources, such as service experience and field testing.

Density Testing

Density is the mass per unit volume of a material. Specific gravity is a measure of the ratio of mass of a given volume of material at 23°C to the same volume of deionized water.

Polymer density is generally measured within polymeric materials to understand the variations in structure and overall composition. It can also be used to evaluate material uniformity for application into various end use products.

 

Related Products:

Ray-Ran - Apparent Bulk Density Apparatus - ASTM D1895 Method A

Ray-Ran - Auto Density Measurement System

Hardness Testing
Integrity & Leak Testing

Put your packages through a series of realistic simulations and tests to understand how your packages, and therefore the end-product, could end up getting damaged throughout the supply chain.

Integrity testing machines give you a clear picture of what will happen to your products as they are transported, crushed, dropped, or pushed against other materials in storage.

Make sure the contents of your packages don’t leak out of your products and stop ambient materials from the environment sneaking in with a precision leak detection system. We offer a wide range of leak testing machines that are designed for a range of tasks.

 

Related Products:

TME - Package Testers - the smart BT Integra-Pack

Melt Flow Testing

If you manufacture using polymers, then melt flow testing will enable you to predict how your resins will behave in their intended molding process. Melt flow testing allows you to work out the overall quality, production rate capability and molecular weight of that resin material which is an important aspect of

polymer performance. The melt flow testers are designed for simple and precise measuring of the Melt Flow Rate (MFR), also known as Melt Flow Index (MFI) and calculating the Melt Volume Rate (MVR).

 

Related Products:

Ray-Ran - 6MBA Advanced Melt Flow System

Ray-Ran - 6MPCA Advanced Melt Flow System

Headspace Analysis Testing

Modified atmosphere is the practice of modifying the composition of the internal atmosphere of a package (commonly food packages, drugs, etc.) in order to improve the shelf life. The need for this technology for food arises from the short shelf life of food products such as meat, fish, poultry, and dairy in the presence of oxygen. In food, oxygen is readily available for lipid oxidation reactions. Oxygen also helps maintain high respiration rates of fresh produce, which contribute to shortened shelf life. From a microbiological aspect, oxygen encourages the growth of aerobic spoilage microorganisms.

Therefore, the reduction of oxygen and its replacement with other gases can reduce or delay oxidation reactions and microbiological spoilage. The modification process generally lowers the amount of oxygen (O2) in the headspace of the package. Oxygen can be replaced with nitrogen (N2), a comparatively inert gas, or carbon dioxide (CO2).

 

Related Products:

Systech Illinois - Carbon dioxide and oxygen headspace gas analyzer

Systech Illinois - O2 CO2 Tester, the headspace gas analyzer - Gaspace Advance

Permeation Testing

Modified atmosphere is the practice of modifying the composition of the internal atmosphere of a package (commonly food packages, drugs, etc.) in order to improve the shelf life. The need for this technology for food arises from the short shelf life of food products such as meat, fish, poultry, and dairy in the presence of oxygen. In food, oxygen is readily available for lipid oxidation reactions. Oxygen also helps maintain high respiration rates of fresh produce, which contribute to shortened shelf life. From a microbiological aspect, oxygen encourages the growth of aerobic spoilage microorganisms.

Therefore, the reduction of oxygen and its replacement with other gases can reduce or delay oxidation reactions and microbiological spoilage. The modification process generally lowers the amount of oxygen (O2) in the headspace of the package. Oxygen can be replaced with nitrogen (N2), a comparatively inert gas, or carbon dioxide (CO2).

 

Related Products:

Systech Illinois - Carbon dioxide and oxygen headspace gas analyzer

Systech Illinois - O2 CO2 Tester, the headspace gas analyzer - Gaspace Advance

Strength Testing

Puncture and impact testing can provide data on how well your product or material can withstand penetration forces. Due to the vast differences in material properties based on rate of energy delivery, there are multiple tests that can be performed to determine these differences.

Related Products:

Ray-Ran - Advanced Universal Pendulum Impact Tester

Tensile Testing

Tensile testing is one of the most common ways of measuring material strength. It involves the linear stretching of a material until failure or some critical value is achieved. Tensile testing can be performed on most types of materials and gives information about yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity (stiffness), elongation, and other important properties.

A tensile test is a reliable way to get data about how different processes may affect the performance of your final product – processes such as sterilization, extended aging periods, and exposure to various temperature and humidity conditions.

 

Related Products:

United Testing Systems - Test Frame - DFM 150kN

United Testing Systems - Test Frame - DFM 600kN

United Testing Systems - Test Systems - DHFM Floor Model

Messmer Büchel - Horizontal Tensile Tester - Model 84-56

United Testing Systems - Speedy Tester - United LCH

Other Testing Methods
  • Double Seam Inspection
  • Drying Testing
  • Flexibility Testing
  • Gas Analysis and Testing

 

Contact us to discuss your analytical needs